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Cheetham Hill〔The Ordnance Survey records the placename as "Cheetham Hill". See: 〕 is an inner city area of Manchester, England. As an electoral ward it is known as Cheetham and has a population of 22,562. It lies on the west bank of the River Irk, north-northeast of Manchester city centre and close to the boundary with the City of Salford. Cheetham Hill is bounded by the neighbourhoods of Broughton, Crumpsall and Collyhurst, on the west, north and southeast respectively. Historically a part of Lancashire, Cheetham Hill was originally a locality in Cheetham, a township within the parish of Manchester and hundred of Salford. The township of Cheetham was amalgamated into the then Borough of Manchester in 1838, and ceased to be a township in 1896 when it became part of the North Manchester township. Long existing as an industrial district, Cheetham Hill is the home of a multi-ethnic community, a result of several waves of immigration to Britain.〔 In the mid-19th century, Cheetham Hill attracted Irish people fleeing the Great Famine. Jews settled in Cheetham Hill during the late-19th and early-20th centuries, fleeing persecution in continental Europe. Migrants from the Indian subcontinent and Caribbean settled in the locality during the 1950s and 1960s. Since that time, Cheetham Hill has attracted people from Africa, Eastern Europe and the Far East, all contributing to a diverse, cosmopolitan community. Heavily urbanised following the Industrial Revolution, Cheetham Hill today is bisected by Cheetham Hill Road, which is lined with churches, mosques, synagogues and temples, as well as terraced houses dating from Cheetham's history as a textile processing district. Joseph Holt's Brewery is on Empire Street, Cheetham. Markets along the road trade in wares and foodstuffs from all over the world.〔 The Museum of Transport in Manchester is located in Boyle Street, Cheetham Hill (part of Queen's Road bus depot). ==History== Neolithic implements have been discovered at Cheetham Hill, implying human habitation 7–10,000 years ago.〔.〕 Unmentioned in the ''Domesday Book'' of 1086, Cheetham does not appear in records until 1212, when it was documented to have been a thegnage estate comprising "a plough-land", with an annual rate of 1 mark payable by the tenant, Roger de Middleton, to King John of England.〔 From the Middletons the estate of Cheetham passed to other families, including the Chethams and Pilkingtons.〔 By the early 20th century, the southern end of Cheetham had a large Jewish population, and nine synagogues.〔 Michael Marks was a Jewish immigrant who lived in Cheetham Hill with his family. He and Thomas Spencer opened the first Marks and Spencer store on Cheetham Hill Road in 1893. The business grew considerably over following years and in 1901 the company's first headquarters was built on Derby Street. During the Madchester phase of the history of Manchester, narcotic trade in the city became "extremely lucrative" and in the early 1980s a gang war started between two groups vying for control of the market in Manchester city centre - the Cheetham Hill Gang and The Gooch Close Gang, in Cheetham Hill and Moss Side respectively. During this period Manchester acquired a reputation for gun crime, and was nicknamed "Gunchester" and the "Bronx of Britain" after a series of murders linked to turf wars and drug dealing associated with both Cheetham Hill and Moss Side. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cheetham Hill」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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